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<span class="tlt" style="color: rgb(0, 66, 118); display: block; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250)">
Ng&#432;&#7901;i ly d&#7883; tбi hфn cу th&#7875; xin &#272;&#7845;ng B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877;, chi&#7871;u theo Giбo Lu&#7853;t</span><span class="time" style="color: silver; font-size: 11px; display: block; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 7px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250)">12/21/2015 
5:51:10 PM</span><span class="desc" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; display: block; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 7px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250)">&#272;&#7845;ng 
B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng (Giбm M&#7909;c giбo ph&#7853;n, linh m&#7909;c T&#7893;ng &#272;&#7841;i Di&#7879;n, linh m&#7909;c &#272;&#7841;i 
Di&#7879;n Giбm M&#7909;c) cу th&#7849;m quy&#7873;n tha gi&#7843;m hмnh ph&#7841;t c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877;.</span><span class="detail" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); display: block; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 7px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250)"><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="line-height: 12.6px; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0px">
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&#272;i&#7873;u nаy &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7921;a trкn hai &#273;i&#7875;m: 1- Vi&#7879;c khфng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; trong nhi&#7873;u tr&#432;&#7901;ng 
h&#7907;p ch&#7881; lа m&#7897;t hмnh ph&#7841;t do k&#7927; lu&#7853;t c&#7911;a Giбo H&#7897;i (&#273;. 915); 2- &#272;&#7845;ng B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n &#273;&#7883;a 
ph&#432;&#417;ng cу quy&#7873;n tha hay gi&#7843;m ch&#7871; tаi, hмnh ph&#7841;t (&#273;. 1355).</span></p>
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&#272;&#7875; minh gi&#7843;i xin &#273;&#7863;t cбc v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;</p>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">1. Trong 
b&#7897; Giбo Lu&#7853;t cу &#273;i&#7873;u nаo c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; khфng?</span></strong></p>
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Cу hai &#273;i&#7873;u 915 vа 916 v&#7873; c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; (&#273;&#432;&#7907;c quy &#273;&#7883;nh trong quy&#7875;n 4, &#273;&#7873; m&#7909;c 3, v&#7873; 
Bн Tнch Thбnh Th&#7875;) vа hai &#273;i&#7873;u 1331 vа 1332 v&#7873; v&#7841; tuy&#7879;t thфng vа c&#7845;m ch&#7871;.</p>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">&#272;i&#7873;u 915</span></strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">Nh&#7919;ng 
ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; v&#7841; tuy&#7879;t thфng vа nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; c&#7845;m ch&#7871; sau khi hмnh ph&#7841;t &#273;г &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 
tuyкn k&#7871;t hay tuyкn b&#7889;, c&#361;ng nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ngoan c&#7889; s&#7889;ng trong t&#7897;i tr&#7885;ng t&#7887; 
t&#432;&#7901;ng (in manifesto gravi peccato obstinate perseverantes), khфng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877;</span></em>.</p>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">&#272;i&#7873;u 916</span></strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
&nbsp;<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">Ng&#432;&#7901;i 
nаo э th&#7913;c mмnh &#273;ang m&#7855;c t&#7897;i tr&#7885;ng (conscius est peccati gravis) thм khфng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 
c&#7917; hаnh Thбnh l&#7877; vа c&#361;ng khфng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#432;&#7899;c Mмnh Thбnh Chъa, n&#7871;u khфng nh&#7853;n lгnh bн 
tнch sбm h&#7889;i tr&#432;&#7899;c, tr&#7915; khi cу lэ do nghiкm tr&#7885;ng vа khфng cу d&#7883;p &#273;&#7875; x&#432;ng t&#7897;i, 
trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p nаy, ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7845;y ph&#7843;i nh&#7899; r&#7857;ng mмnh ph&#7843;i &#259;n n&#259;ng t&#7897;i cбch tr&#7885;n, 
trong &#273;у bao g&#7891;m vi&#7879;c quy&#7871;t tвm x&#432;ng t&#7897;i h&#7871;t s&#7913;c</span></em>.<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">&#272;i&#7873;u 1331 vа 1332</strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
Ngoаi hai &#273;i&#7873;u 915 vа 916 nуi riкng v&#7873; b&#7883; v&#7841; c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877;, cтn cу hai &#273;i&#7873;u 1331 
vа 1332 quy &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7841; tuy&#7879;t thфng (&#273;. 1331) vа c&#7845;m ch&#7871; (&#273;. 1332). Hai &#273;i&#7873;u nаy cу 
&#7845;n &#273;&#7883;nh hмnh ph&#7841;t c&#7845;m c&#7917; hаnh hay lгnh nh&#7853;n cбc bн tнch vа m&#7897;t s&#7889; hмnh ph&#7841;t 
khбc.</p>
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2.<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">Ng&#432;&#7901;i 
ly d&#7883; tбi hфn Cфng Giбo b&#7883; c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; lа c&#259;n c&#7913; theo &#273;i&#7873;u lu&#7853;t nаo?</span></strong></p>
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H&#7885; b&#7883; c&#7845;m c&#259;n c&#7913; vаo &#273;i&#7873;u 915 vа 916, khфng c&#259;n c&#7913; vаo &#273;i&#7873;u 1331 ho&#7863;c &#273;i&#7873;u 1332 
v&#7873; v&#7841; tuy&#7879;t thфng hay c&#7845;m ch&#7871;. Lэ do &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n lа lu&#7853;t khфng quy &#273;&#7883;nh h&#7885; b&#7883; ph&#7841;t 
vа theo nguyкn t&#7855;c chung thм lu&#7853;t hмnh s&#7921; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;i thнch theo ngh&#297;a h&#7865;p 
(&#273;. 18). Vм v&#7853;y khфng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#7899;i r&#7897;ng v&#7841; tuy&#7879;t thфng hay c&#7845;m ch&#7871; &#273;&#7875; ph&#7841;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ly 
d&#7883; tбi hфn.</p>
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Ch&#7881; cу m&#7897;t s&#7889; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p lu&#7853;t minh nhiкn gбn v&#7841; tuy&#7879;t thфng ti&#7873;n k&#7871;t, nh&#432; t&#7897;i 
phб thai (&#273;. 1398), t&#7897;i l&#7841;c giбo, ly giбo, b&#7897;i giбo (&#273;. 751, 1364#1); hay v&#7841; c&#7845;m 
ch&#7871; ti&#7873;n k&#7871;t, nh&#432; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p ng&#432;&#7901;i khфng cу ch&#7913;c t&#432; t&#7871; mа dбm c&#7917; hаnh ph&#7909;ng v&#7909; 
Hi&#7871;n T&#7871; Thбnh Th&#7875; (&#273;. 1378#2,1<sup style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">0</sup>), 
tu s&#297; &#273;г cу l&#7901;i kh&#7845;n v&#297;nh vi&#7877;n mа khфng ph&#7843;i lа giбo s&#297; n&#7871;u m&#432;u toan k&#7871;t hфn, dщ 
ch&#7881; hфn nhвn dвn s&#7921; (&#273;. 1394#2).<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
Ng&#432;&#7901;i ly d&#7883; tбi hфn, th&#7853;t s&#7921; ra, khфng cу kho&#7843;n lu&#7853;t nаo minh nhiкn c&#7845;m h&#7885; r&#432;&#7899;c 
l&#7877;. H&#7885; b&#7883; coi nh&#432; lа ng&#432;&#7901;i<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">“ngoan 
c&#7889; s&#7889;ng trong t&#7897;i tr&#7885;ng t&#7887; t&#432;&#7901;ng”<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></span></em>(in 
manifesto gravi peccato obstinate perseverantes). Vм v&#7853;y, h&#7885; b&#7883; c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; theo 
quy &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a &#273;i&#7873;u 915.</p>
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Chъng ta th&#7917; xem xйt:</p>
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a - B&#7883; c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; theo &#273;i&#7873;u 916, vм “<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">э 
th&#7913;c mмnh &#273;ang m&#7855;c t&#7897;i tr&#7885;ng”.</span></em></p>
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b- B&#7883; c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; theo &#273;i&#7873;u 915, vм lа “<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">ng&#432;&#7901;i 
ngoan c&#7889; s&#7889;ng trong t&#7897;i tr&#7885;ng t&#7887; t&#432;&#7901;ng”.</span></em></p>
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N&#7871;u ph&#7841;m nhвn khфng b&#7883; &#273;i&#7873;u 916 chi ph&#7889;i, vм khфng th&#7845;y&nbsp; hay khфng э th&#7913;c mмnh 
cу t&#7897;i tr&#7885;ng thм ng&#432;&#7901;i nаy ch&#7881; cтn b&#7883; &#273;i&#7873;u 915 chi ph&#7889;i, v&#7899;i lэ do lа “<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">ng&#432;&#7901;i 
ngoan c&#7889; s&#7889;ng trong t&#7897;i tr&#7885;ng t&#7887; t&#432;&#7901;ng”.</span></em><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
Theo th&#7921;c t&#7871; thм th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng cу nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i r&#417;i vаo tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p (a) khфng th&#7845;y mмnh 
hay khфng э th&#7913;c mмnh cу t&#7897;i tr&#7885;ng vм hoаn c&#7843;nh riкng c&#7911;a h&#7885;.</p>
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B&#7843;n T&#432;&#7901;ng Trмnh Sau Cщng, s&#7889; 85, c&#7911;a Th&#432;&#7907;ng H&#7897;i &#272;&#7891;ng n&#259;m 2015 nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y lа khфng 
ph&#7843;i t&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i li d&#7883; tбi hфn &#273;&#7873;u lа nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7841;m t&#7897;i tr&#7885;ng. Th&#432;&#7907;ng 
H&#7897;i &#272;фng &#273;г nh&#7855;c l&#7841;i giбo hu&#7845;n c&#7911;a Thбnh Giбo Hoаng Gioan Phaolф II: “Cбc m&#7909;c t&#7917; 
ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng, vм l&#7907;i нch c&#7911;a s&#7921; th&#7853;t, cбc ngаi bu&#7897;c ph&#7843;i thi hаnh vi&#7879;c bi&#7879;n 
phвn cбc hoаn c&#7843;nh m&#7897;t cбch th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng. Th&#7921;c v&#7853;y, cу s&#7921; khбc nhau gi&#7919;a nh&#7919;ng 
ng&#432;&#7901;i thаnh th&#7921;c c&#7889; g&#7855;ng mu&#7889;n c&#7913;u cu&#7897;c hфn nhвn th&#7913; nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a h&#7885; vа b&#7883; b&#7887; r&#417;i m&#7897;t 
cбch b&#7845;t cфng, vа nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i, qua l&#7895;i l&#7847;m n&#7863;ng n&#7873; c&#7911;a mмnh, &#273;г h&#7911;y di&#7879;t m&#7897;t 
cu&#7897;c hфn nhвn thаnh s&#7921; theo giбo lu&#7853;t. Sau cщng, cу nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#432;&#7899;c vаo cu&#7897;c 
k&#7871;t h&#7907;p th&#7913; hai vм l&#7907;i нch d&#432;&#7905;ng d&#7909;c con cбi, vа nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i, v&#7873; ph&#432;&#417;ng di&#7879;n ch&#7911; 
quan, &#273;фi khi ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n trong l&#432;&#417;ng tвm r&#7857;ng cu&#7897;c hфn nhвn tr&#432;&#7899;c vа &#273;г b&#7883; hu&#7927; 
di&#7879;t m&#7897;t cбch vф ph&#432;&#417;ng c&#7913;u ch&#7919;a ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; thаnh s&#7921; c&#7843;” [<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">Familiaris 
Consortio&nbsp;</span></em>84].</p>
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B&#7843;n t&#432;&#417;ng trмnh sau cщng s&#7889; 85 nаy cтn d&#7851;n ch&#7913;ng t&#7915; sбch Giбo Lэ Cфng Giбo v&#7873; 
trбch nhi&#7879;m v&#7873; t&#7897;i ph&#7841;m c&#7911;a mмnh cу th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;m nh&#7865; hay xуa b&#7887;, vм бp l&#7921;c c&#7911;a 
hoаn c&#7843;nh: “Ngoаi ra, &#273;i&#7873;u khфng th&#7875; ch&#7889;i cгi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c lа: trong m&#7897;t s&#7889; hoаn c&#7843;nh, 
“Vi&#7879;c quy l&#7895;i vа trбch nhi&#7879;m v&#7873; m&#7897;t hаnh &#273;&#7897;ng cу th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;m b&#7899;t hay xуa b&#7887;” [<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">Sбch 
Giбo Lэ C&#7911;a Giбo H&#7897;i Cфng Giбo</span></em>, s&#7889; 1735] do nhi&#7873;u &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n khбc 
nhau. Thаnh th&#7917;, phбn k&#7871;t v&#7873; m&#7897;t hoаn c&#7843;nh khбch quan khфng nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t d&#7851;n t&#7899;i 
m&#7897;t phбn k&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; “qui l&#7895;i ch&#7911; quan” [&#7910;y Ban Giбo Hoаng v&#7873; Cбc B&#7843;n V&#259;n Lu&#7853;t Phбp,&nbsp;<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">Tuyкn 
B&#7889; ngаy 24 thбng Sбu, n&#259;m 2000</span></em>, s&#7889; 2a].</p>
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&#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i trong tмnh tr&#7841;ng mа t&#7897;i h&#7885; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;m hay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xуa b&#7887; trкn 
thм &nbsp;khi r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; h&#7885; khфng vi ph&#7841;m &#273;i&#7873;u 916, do khфng th&#7845;y mмnh ph&#7841;m t&#7897;i tr&#7885;ng vа 
th&#7845;y mмnh khфng xъc ph&#7841;m &#273;&#7871;n Mмnh Thбnh Chъa.</p>
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N&#7871;u h&#7885; &#273;г &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; theo &#273;i&#7873;u 916 do h&#7885; khфng cу t&#7897;i n&#7863;ng trong l&#432;&#417;ng tвm thм 
h&#7885; ch&#7881; cтn b&#7883; c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; theo &#273;i&#7873;u 915, ngh&#297;a lа h&#7885; b&#7883; c&#7845;m theo k&#7927; lu&#7853;t Giбo 
H&#7897;i.</p>
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&#272;&#7913;c Giбo Hoаng Gioan Phaolф II, sau khi nhмn nh&#7853;n nh&#7919;ng hoаn c&#7843;nh &#273;бng th&#432;&#417;ng 
c&#7911;a h&#7885;, ngаi kкu g&#7885;i: &nbsp;“B&#7857;ng m&#7897;t lтng bбc бi r&#7897;ng l&#7899;n, t&#7845;t c&#7843; s&#7869; lаm th&#7871; nаo &#273;&#7875; 
h&#7885; khфng c&#7843;m th&#7845;y b&#7883; lмa xa H&#7897;i Thбnh, vм lа nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;г &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#7917;a t&#7897;i, khфng 
nh&#7919;ng h&#7885; cу th&#7875; mа cтn ph&#7843;i d&#7921; ph&#7847;n vаo &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng H&#7897;i Thбnh”. Khi ngаi nуi h&#7885; “cу 
th&#7875; mа cтn ph&#7843;i d&#7921; ph&#7847;n vаo &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng H&#7897;i Thбnh” thм c&#361;ng cу ngh&#297;a lа ngаi cфng 
nh&#7853;n h&#7885; khфng hoаn toаn mang tr&#7885;ng t&#7897;i, vа cтn cу &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng вn s&#7911;ng, h&#7885; cу th&#7875; 
&#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877;. Ngаi nуi ti&#7871;p: “Tuy nhiкn, H&#7897;i Thбnh v&#7851;n xбc nh&#7853;n l&#7841;i k&#7927; lu&#7853;t c&#7911;a 
mмnh, k&#7927; lu&#7853;t xвy d&#7921;ng trкn Thбnh Kinh, theo &#273;у H&#7897;i Thбnh khфng th&#7875; ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n 
cho nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ly d&#7883; tбi hфn &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7879;p thфng Thбnh Th&#7875;”(<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">Familiaris 
Consortio</span></em>, s&#7889; 84).</p>
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Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ly d&#7883; tбi hфn b&#7883; Giбo H&#7897;i c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877;, cу th&#7875; ch&#7881; vм k&#7927; 
lu&#7853;t c&#7911;a Giбo H&#7897;i, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quy &#273;&#7883;nh &#7903; &#273;i&#7873;u 915.</p>
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3.<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">&#272;i&#7873;u 
915 lа m&#7897;t lu&#7853;t k&#7927; lu&#7853;t ho&#7863;c lа m&#7897;t lu&#7853;t hмnh s&#7921;</span></strong></p>
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&nbsp;Do бp &#273;&#7863;t m&#7897;t hмnh ph&#7841;t (c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877;) cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ngoan c&#7889; s&#7889;ng trong t&#7897;i tr&#7885;ng 
t&#7887; t&#432;&#7901;ng nкn cу th&#7875; nуi &#273;i&#7873;u 915 lа m&#7897;t lu&#7853;t k&#7927; lu&#7853;t ho&#7863;c lа m&#7897;t cу kиm theo 
hмnh ph&#7841;t (lu&#7853;t hмnh s&#7921;). Trong c&#7843; hai tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p, &#272;&#7913;c Giбm M&#7909;c &#273;&#7873;u cу th&#7875;: mi&#7877;n 
chu&#7849;n cho lu&#7853;t k&#7927; lu&#7853;t ho&#7863;c tha gi&#7843;m hмnh ph&#7841;t cho lu&#7853;t hмnh s&#7921;.</p>
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N&#7871;u coi &#273;i&#7873;u 915 lа lu&#7853;t cу tнnh k&#7927; lu&#7853;t thм бp d&#7909;ng &#273;i&#7873;u 87#1: Giбm M&#7909;c cу 
quy&#7873;n mi&#7877;n chu&#7849;n lu&#7853;t cу tнnh k&#7927; lu&#7853;t, nh&#432; &#273;i&#7873;u 87#1 quy &#273;&#7883;nh: “M&#7895;i khi xйt th&#7845;y 
cу l&#7907;i нch thiкng liкng cho cбc tнn h&#7919;u. Giбm M&#7909;c giбo ph&#7853;n cу quy&#7873;n mi&#7877;n chu&#7849;n 
cho h&#7885; kh&#7887;i ph&#7843;i gi&#7919; nh&#7919;ng lu&#7853;t cу tнnh cбch k&#7927; lu&#7853;t, dщ ph&#7893; quбt hay &#273;&#7883;a 
ph&#432;&#417;ng, …”.</p>
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N&#7871;u coi &#273;i&#7873;u 915 lа lu&#7853;t hмnh s&#7921; (cу kиm hмnh ph&#7841;t c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877;) thм &#272;&#7913;c Giбm M&#7909;c 
khфng cу quy&#7873;n mi&#7877;n chu&#7849;n lu&#7853;t nаy, nh&#432; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;. 87#1 quy &#273;&#7883;nh ti&#7871;p sau &#273;у: 
“nh&#432;ng khфng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c mi&#7877;n chu&#7849;n lu&#7853;t hмnh s&#7921; hay t&#7889; t&#7909;ng”. Tuy nhiкn khi xem &#273;i&#7873;u 
915 lа lu&#7853;t hмnh s&#7921; thм &#272;&#7845;ng B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng l&#7841;i cу th&#7849;m quy&#7873;n tha hay gi&#7843;m 
hмnh ph&#7841;t, mi&#7877;n lа hмnh ph&#7841;t &#273;у khфng dаnh riкng cho Tтa Thбnh. &#272;i&#7873;u 1355 quy 
&#273;&#7883;nh v&#7873; th&#7849;m quy&#7873;n tha ph&#7841;t nh&#432; sau:</p>
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<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">#1. Cбc 
v&#7883; sau &#273;вy cу th&#7875; tha hмnh ph&#7841;t do lu&#7853;t thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p, n&#7871;u hмnh ph&#7841;t &#273;г &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tuyкn 
k&#7871;t hay &#273;г &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tuyкn b&#7889;, mi&#7877;n lа hмnh ph&#7841;t khфng dаnh riкng cho Tфng Toа:</span></em></p>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">1<sup style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">0</sup>&nbsp;&#272;&#7845;ng 
b&#7843;n quy&#7873;n &#273;г kh&#7903;i t&#7889; tr&#432;&#7899;c toа &#273;&#7875; tuyкn k&#7871;t hay tuyкn b&#7889; hмnh ph&#7841;t, ho&#7863;c &#272;&#7845;ng 
B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n &#273;г &#273;нch thвn hay nh&#7901; ng&#432;&#7901;i khбc tuyкn k&#7871;t hay tuyкn b&#7889; hмnh ph&#7841;t b&#7857;ng 
s&#7855;c l&#7879;nh;</span></em><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
&nbsp;</p>
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<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">2<sup style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">0</sup>&nbsp;&#272;&#7845;ng 
B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng t&#7841;i n&#417;i ph&#7841;m nhвn &#273;ang c&#432; ng&#7909;, nh&#432;ng sau khi tham kh&#7843;o э 
ki&#7871;n c&#7911;a &#272;&#7845;ng B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nуi &#273;&#7871;n &#7903; 1<sup style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">0</sup>, 
tr&#7915; khi khфng th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c do nh&#7919;ng hoаn c&#7843;nh b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng.</em></p>
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<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">#2. Hмnh 
ph&#7841;t ti&#7873;n k&#7871;t do lu&#7853;t thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p nhung ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tuyкn b&#7889;, vа n&#7871;u hмnh ph&#7841;t &#7845;y &#273;г 
khфng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c dаnh riкng cho Tфng Toа, thм cу th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#272;&#7845;ng B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n tha cho nh&#7919;ng 
ng&#432;&#7901;i thu&#7897;c quy&#7873;n mмnh vа nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang &#7903; trong &#273;&#7883;a h&#7841;t mмnh hay nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i 
&#273;г ph&#7841;m t&#7897;i t&#7841;i &#273;у; b&#7845;t c&#7913; Giбm M&#7909;c nаo c&#361;ng cу quy&#7873;n tha hмnh ph&#7841;t &#7845;y, nh&#432;ng 
ch&#7881; trong khi ban bн tнch Gi&#7843;i T&#7897;i.</span></em></p>
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C&#259;n c&#7913; theo &#273;i&#7873;u 1355<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">#2<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></span></em>thм 
&#272;&#7845;ng B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n cу quy&#7873;n tha cho nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i thu&#7897;c quy&#7873;n mмnh vа nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang 
&#7903; trong &#273;&#7883;a h&#7841;t mмnh v&#7873; m&#7897;t hмnh ph&#7841;t ti&#7873;n k&#7871;t do lu&#7853;t thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p. Vм v&#7853;y, &#272;&#7845;ng 
B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n cу quy&#7873;n tha hмnh ph&#7841;t ti&#7873;n k&#7871;t c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; theo &#273;i&#7873;u 915.</p>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">3. V&#7873; s&#7921; 
tha hay mi&#7877;n gi&#7843;m hмnh ph&#7841;t &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ly d&#7883; tбi hфn</span></strong></p>
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&#272;i&#7873;u c&#7845;m &#7903; 916 thм khфng th&#7875; mi&#7877;n gi&#7843;m vм khi э th&#7913;c cу t&#7897;i tr&#7885;ng ngh&#7883;ch cщng 
Chъa mа r&#432;&#7899;c Mмnh Thбnh Chъa lа xъc ph&#7841;m &#273;&#7871;n Chъa. Tuy nhiкn nу lа lu&#7853;t thu&#7897;c 
tтa trong. &nbsp;N&#7871;u nh&#432; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i khфng&nbsp; th&#7845;y mмnh cу t&#7897;i tr&#7885;ng thм ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7845;y cу th&#7875; 
&#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877;. Vм lа vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a tтa trong nкn &#272;&#7845;ng B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n &#273;&#7875; tщy ph&#7841;m nhвn t&#7921; 
suy xйt.</p>
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S&#7921; tha gi&#7843;m l&#7879;nh c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ly d&#7883; tбi hфn lа quy chi&#7871;u &#273;&#7871;n &#273;i&#7873;u 915 
vа quy&#7873;n tha hay gi&#7843;m ph&#7841;t c&#7911;a &#272;&#7845;ng B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng. Tuy nhiкn trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng 
h&#7907;p c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ly d&#7883; tбi hфn hay ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng hфn nhвn ngo&#7841;i Giбo Lu&#7853;t thм cу nh&#7919;ng 
&#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7903; ng&#7841;i, vм tмnh tr&#7841;ng s&#7889;ng trбi lu&#7853;t rх rаng bкn ngoаi xг h&#7897;i c&#7911;a ph&#7841;m 
nhвn v&#7851;n ti&#7871;p di&#7877;n ch&#7913; khфng ch&#7845;m d&#7913;t.</p>
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V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#361;ng ph&#7843;i cвn nh&#7855;c vi&#7879;c tha gi&#7843;m hмnh ph&#7841;t nh&#432; v&#7853;y:</p>
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- cу gвy ra nh&#7919;ng tai h&#7841;i khбc khфng, nh&#432; gвy g&#432;&#417;ng mщ g&#432;&#417;ng x&#7845;u, coi th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7921; 
b&#7845;t kh&#7843; phвn ly c&#7911;a hфn nhвn…?</p>
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- n&#7871;u khфng tha gi&#7843;m thм l&#7907;i b&#7845;t c&#7853;p h&#7841;i khфng, vм nh&#7919;ng tai h&#7841;i khбc l&#7899;n h&#417;n, 
nh&#432; d&#7877; gвy ra tмnh tr&#7841;ng s&#7889;ng xa Giбo H&#7897;i, tбch bi&#7879;t kh&#7887;i Giбo H&#7897;i?</p>
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- cу lаm cho hмnh &#7843;nh Giбo H&#7897;i lа ng&#432;&#7901;i M&#7865; nhвn t&#7915; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c sбng t&#7887; khфng?</p>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">4. Cбch 
th&#7913;c phбp lэ tha gi&#7843;m v&#7841;</span></strong></p>
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Vi&#7879;c tha ph&#7841;t ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t hаnh vi hаnh chнnh riкng bi&#7879;t (actus 
administrativus singularis), cho t&#7915;ng cб nhвn m&#7897;t. C&#7909; th&#7875; lа, m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i xin вn 
xб ph&#7843;i lаm &#273;&#417;n xin vа&nbsp; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#272;&#7845;ng B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n ch&#7845;p thu&#7853;n m&#7897;t cбch riкng r&#7869;. &#272;&#7845;ng 
B&#7843;n Quy&#7873;n khфng ra m&#7897;t s&#7855;c l&#7879;nh chung (decretum generale), nh&#432; ra m&#7897;t lu&#7853;t riкng 
trong giбo ph&#7853;n, бp d&#7909;ng chung cho t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ph&#7841;m nhвn trong giбo ph&#7853;n. &nbsp;</p>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px">5. &#272;&#7873; 
ngh&#7883; m&#7897;t s&#7921; mi&#7877;n gi&#7843;m v&#7841; c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; cу gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n</span></strong></p>
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Khфng nкn mi&#7877;n v&#7841; c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; hoаn toаn &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ly d&#7883; tбi hфn hay nh&#7919;ng 
ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang s&#7889;ng hфn ph&#7889;i ngoаi lu&#7853;t Giбo H&#7897;i.V&#7851;n c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i duy trм m&#7897;t s&#7921; khбc 
bi&#7879;t nаo &#273;у gi&#7919;a h&#7885; v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i tнn h&#7919;u bмnh th&#432;&#7901;ng. &#272;i&#7873;u nаy c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; s&#7921; 
thбnh thiкng c&#7911;a Bн Tнch Hфn ph&#7889;i vа tнnh b&#7845;t kh&#7843; phвn ly v&#7851;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tфn tr&#7885;ng.</p>
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Nкn mi&#7877;n gi&#7843;m l&#7879;nh c&#7845;m r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ly d&#7883; tбi hфn hay ng&#432;&#7901;i r&#7889;i hфn ph&#7889;i 
m&#7897;t cбch cу gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n. &#272;&#7873; ngh&#7883; ch&#7881; cho &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; 3 l&#7847;n trong m&#7897;t n&#259;m trong d&#7883;p 
l&#7877; Giбng Sinh, Ph&#7909;c Sinh, ngаy con cбi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u …, ho&#7863;c cho nhi&#7873;u 
h&#417;n lа &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#432;&#7899;c l&#7877; vаo cбc ngаy l&#7877; tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a Chъa hay &#272;&#7913;c M&#7865;…</p>
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